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11.

Conversations on European Security

Peace Matrix

12. Country Profiles

Security Radar 2025: Country Profiles

13.

Europäische Evergreens

Christos Katsioulis · IPG-Journal

14. United States

[confident and introverted] The United States plays a pivotal role in European security, primarily through NATO and Article V of the NATO Washington Treaty. The latter guarantees that, should…

15. United Kingdom

[re-orienting and engaged] The United Kingdom has a long colonial history and is a nuclear power with global influence. It is one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council and a…

16. Ukraine

[disappointed and defiant] Since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has undergone a profound transformation. The 2004 Orange Revolution marked the first major uprising…

17. Russia

[assertive and entrenched] Russia re-emerged when the Soviet Union fell apart 30 years ago. During that period it has sought status parity with other global powers, especially the United States.…

18. Poland

[aspiring and hesitant] Poland historically has been caught between Eastern and Western powers. It endured partitions in the eighteenth century, occupation during the Second World War, and…

19. Latvia

[supportive and cautious] Latvia’s independence and democratic transition after the fall of the Iron Curtain and its 2004 EU and NATO accession marked its return to the European community after…

20. Kazakhstan

[neutral and distanced] Kazakhstan, strategically located between Europe and Asia, is rich in natural resources, such as oil, gas and uranium. After gaining independence from the Soviet Union in…